To understand the utility of cystogram , indications and contraindications . To review the study protocol in order to learn how to perform the exam. To describe normal anatomy and normal imaging appearances of the bladder. To illustrate appearances of various frequent and unfrequent pathological entities . CT, US and MR correlates will also be shown for comparison.

In spite of the use of endoscopy and cross-sectional imaging techniques, conventional radiology has still nowadays a role in bladder evaluation. We review cystograms indications, how to perform the studies and image interpretation in order to increase diagnostic performance. We present: - Normal anatomy of the bladder . - Indications , contraindications - Study protocols : Contrast preparation, patient positioning, image requirements. - Imaging findings in normal and pathologic studies. Cases...

Cystography ( Fig. 1 ) refers to a conventional radiographic examination of the urinary bladder with iodinated contrast medium instilled through a urethral catheter. Sometimes the bladder is studiedin an anterograde fashion as part of an IV urography. Cystography allows the evaluation of anatomic defects and functional anomalies. 1.- Bladder anatomy B ladder is a extraperitoneal hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoirforurine,located in the true pelvis, behind the symphysis pubis. It...

Knowledge of cystogram indications, contraindications, technique and imaging findings in different entities is essential for radiologists.

J. Azpeitia Arman( fjavier.azpeitia@salud.madrid.org ) R. M. Lorente Ramos A. Casas Martín R. Pastorín Salís E. Barcina García G. Liaño Esteso Unidad Central de Radiodiagnóstico de la CAM: Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor Madrid SPAIN

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