Estimate the severity of haemoptysis. To list most common causes of haemoptysis and understand the mechanism of bleeding. Learn about the anatomic aspects for endovascular management. To recognize different sources of bleeding and angiographic signs of abnormal arteries. To familiarize with the indications, technique, embolic agents, complications and causes for failure of bronchial artery embolization.

Haemoptysis isa life threatening symptom in patients with respiratory diseases. Prompt and timely intervention is imperative to reduce significant morbidity and mortality. Emphasis is now on interventional radiology both as diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Ø Haemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood originating from below the vocal cords, from the lower respiratory tract [1]. Ø Grading of hemoptysis [2]: Mild : less than 100 mL/day or less than 50 mL/ episode. Moderate : 100–300...

Ø Technique of bronchial artery embolization [2,3,6] : Bronchial artery embolization is carried out under local anaesthesia with aseptic precautions. The arterial approach in majority of the situations involves puncture of the right common femoral artery, followed by the placement of a 5-French introducer sheath according to the Seldinger technique. A thoracic flush aortogram is acquired using a 5-French pigtail catheter to delineate the number, size and position of the bronchial arteries and...

Angiography with embolization as an advantage of being minimally invasive , safe, effective and well tolerated by patients. Major complications are rare and immediate clinical success defined as cessation of hemorrhage ranges in most series from 85% to 100%, although recurrence of hemorrhage ranges from 10% to 33%. Flush aortogram should be performed prior to embolization to identify all abnormal arteries. Super selective catheterization is recommended to ensure more distal embolization and...

1. Earwood JS, Thompson TD. Hemoptysis: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(4):243---9. 2. Panda A, Bhalla AS, Goyal A. Bronchial artery embolization in hemoptysis: a systematic review. Diagn Interv Radiol 2017; 23:307–317 3. David R. Sopko, M.D.,1 and Tony P. Smith, M.D. Bronchial Artery Embolization for Hemoptysis. Semin Intervent Radiol 2011;28:48–62. 4. Larici AR, Franchi P, Occhipinti M, Contegiacomo A, del Ciello A, Calandriello L, et al. Diagnosis and management of...