To review the recommended imaging protocol and the utility of various MRI pulse sequences in the assessment of paediatric CSF disorders To illustrate the different MR features of various CSF disorders encountered during diagnosis of CSF disorders and in the course of management.

CSF flow disorders are frequently encountered in children. Recently the advent in MRI technology has been led to better understanding of CSF flow disorders [1]. Flow sensitive MRI techniques and three-dimensional high-resolution sequences have been applied for functional and anatomical assessment of CSF flow dynamics respectively [2,3]. Hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly ex-vacuo can be differentiated. Moreover, these studiescan discriminate between communicating and non-communicating...

MRI protocol Axial, sagittal and coronal T2-WI, axial FLAIR and sagittal T1-WI of the brain ( Fig. 1 ) are usually acquired along with 3D-DRIVE (figure 2 Fig. 2 ) and Cine phase-contrast sequences ( Fig. 3 Fig. 4 ; video Fig. 5 Fig. 6 ). Post contrast T1-WI and T2*-WI may be obtained in selected cases. Image analysis · Axial, coronal T2-WIs and FLAIR are analysed first to document ventriculomegaly and to search for any associated structural abnormalities and white matter signal intensity...

Cine phase-contrast MRI and 3D-DRIVE sequences are crucial imaging techniques for the assessment of CSF motion alterations which is important for proper management of patients with varius CSF flow disorders.

Dr. Shaimaa Abdelsattar Mohammad, MD Associate professor of Radiodiagnosis Department of Diagnostic and interventional Radiology Pediatric Radiology section Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University Dr.Noha Mohamed Osman, MD Associate professor of Radiodiagnosis Department of Diagnostic and interventional Radiology Pediatric Radiology section Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University

1. Kartal, MG, & Algin O (2014) Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: An update. Insights into Imaging 5: 531–541 2. Battal B, Kocaoglu M, Bulakbasi N et al (2011) Cerebrospinal fluid flow imaging by using phase-contrast MR technique. Br J Radiol 84: 758–765 3. Yamada S, Tsuchiya K, Bradley WG et al (2015) Current and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time-spatial...